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From The Free On-line Dictionary of Computing (05 January 2017) [foldoc]:
Conway's Game of Life
Conway's Life
The first popular cellular automata based
artificial life simulation. Life was invented by British
mathematician John Horton Conway in 1970 and was first
introduced publicly in "Scientific American" later that year.
Conway first devised what he called "The Game of Life" and
"ran" it using plates placed on floor tiles in his house.
Because of he ran out of floor space and kept stepping on the
plates, he later moved to doing it on paper or on a
checkerboard and then moved to running Life as a computer
program on a PDP-7. That first implementation of Life as a
computer program was written by M. J. T. Guy and
S. R. Bourne (the author of Unix's Bourne shell).
Life uses a rectangular grid of binary (live or dead) cells
each of which is updated at each step according to the
previous state of its eight neighbours as follows: a live cell
with less than two, or more than three, live neighbours dies.
A dead cell with exactly three neighbours becomes alive.
Other cells do not change.
While the rules are fairly simple, the patterns that can arise
are of a complexity resembling that of organic systems -- hence
the name "Life".
Many hackers pass through a stage of fascination with Life,
and hackers at various places contributed heavily to the
mathematical analysis of this game (most notably Bill Gosper
at MIT, who even implemented Life in TECO!; see
Gosperism). When a hacker mentions "life", he is more
likely to mean this game than the magazine, the breakfast
cereal, the 1950s-era board game or the human state of
existence.
{On-line implementation
(http://pmav.eu/stuff/javascript-game-of-life-v3.1.1/)}.
["Scientific American" 223, October 1970, p120-123, 224;
February 1971 p121-117, Martin Gardner].
["The Garden in The Machine: the Emerging Science of
Artificial Life", Claus Emmeche, 1994].
["Winning Ways, For Your Mathematical Plays", Elwyn
R. Berlekamp, John Horton Conway and Richard K. Guy, 1982].
["The Recursive Universe: Cosmic Complexity and the Limits of
Scientific Knowledge", William Poundstone, 1985].
[Jargon File]
(1997-09-07)